Static variable in JAVA

In Java programming, a static variable is a variable that is shared by all instances of the class. Here are some benefits of using static variables:

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1. Memory efficiency: Since static variables are shared by all instances of the class, they are stored in the memory only once. This results in a more memory-efficient program, especially in cases where the class is used frequently.
2. Global access: Since static variables are shared by all instances of the class, they can be accessed from anywhere in the program, making them ideal for creating constants or shared state that needs to be accessed globally.
3. Singleton pattern implementation: Static variables can be used to implement the singleton pattern, where a class has only one instance throughout the lifetime of the program.

Here is an example of a static variable in Java:

public class Counter {
    private static int count = 0;
    
    public Counter() {
        count++;
    }
    
    public static int getCount() {
        return count;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Counter c1 = new Counter();
        Counter c2 = new Counter();
        Counter c3 = new Counter();
        
        int count = Counter.getCount();
        System.out.println(count); // Output: 3
    }
}

In this example, the Counter class has a static variable named count that keeps track of the number of instances of the class that have been created. The count variable is incremented in the constructor of the class. The Counter class also has a static method named getCount that returns the value of the count variable.

In the main method of the Main class, three instances of the Counter class are created, which increments the value of the count variable to 3. The getCount method is then called on the Counter class to get the value of the count variable, which is printed to the console. Since th

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